TEMPERATURES IN THE UNIVERSE

 

     The minimum possible temperature in our universe is zero degrees Kelvin. Any negative degree in Kelvin is not possible. Zero degree kelvin is equal to minus 273.15 degrees C. The Kelvin scale uses Celsius © for its unit increment.

     Life can grow and reproduce at temperatures as low as (-) 15 degrees C and as high as 122 degrees C including detectable microbial community. But the theoretical boundaries for life are (-) 40 degrees C and 150 degrees C. Highest recorded temperature on earth is 56.7 degrees in Death Valley (U S A). The lowest temperature recorded on earth is (-) 89.3 degrees C in Antarctica.

     The highest temperature at which a healthy human can survive is around 41-42 degrees C (106 F). At this temperature heat stroke can occur and lead to severe damage to the brain and other vital organs. The lowest temperature at which a human can survive is around (-) 32 degrees C (- 26 degrees F). The high  temperature in human body usually occurs under high fevers and there is immediate need to reduce the temperature by suitable ways.

     Binary neutron star collision results in about 350 billion degrees C.

     Relativistic heavy ion colloids and formation of quark gluon-plasma produces a temperature of 4 trillion degrees C.

     Cern proton verses nuclear collision is the cause of 5.5 trillion degrees C.

      The maximum possible temperature in the universe is 1.42X10^32 kelvin.

What is the probable effect on the Yellowstone National Park of U S A by the solar eclipse on 14 th October 2023?

 

     The Yellowstone National park is located in U S A at the longitude of 110 degrees 35’ 18.6576” West and the latitude of 44 degrees 25’ 25.2871” North. There is a largest volcanic system under the Yellowstone National park. The magma chamber that lies underneath this park is about 60 k m long and 29 k m wide and 4.8 to 11.3 k m deep. The 3 major eruptions occurred are at 2.1 million, 1.3 million and 0.64 million years ago. If we take the last interval of 0.66 million years and deducting rate of change of 3 eruptions it becomes 0.66-0.14=0.52 million years which is already over long back. Hence  it is already due for major eruption.

     There are frequent earthquakes and repeated uplifts etc. and point to the possibility of future volcanism and earthquake activity. So we have to carefully observe the power of uplift at this spot by the gravitational pull of the solar eclipse on 14^th October 2023. This eclipse is considered to be one of the major eclipses in U S A. But the eclipse is partial only at this park, but very close to total eclipse. Maximum pull due to eclipse on this park occurs at a time of 7 hours and 22 minutes of Greenwich Mean Time on 14^th October 2023. Since the Sun has about 8 degrees south declination the Sun is not exactly overhead at local mid-noon but is inclined towards south of the park by about 50 degrees and there is a long showdown towards north even at mid-noon. So the gravitation pull of the eclipse is very much reduced.

     Hence I think that there won’t be any major eruption due to eclipse on Yellowstone National Park of U S A on 14^th October 2023. However some minor earthquakes, fires and many forceful geysers cannot be ruled out. It is advisable not to enter the park between12th to 16^th of October 2023.

     Gravitation pull of this eclipse is more in places with 8 degrees south latitude where the eclipse is totally visible and where there are faults in earth’s tectonic plates. Major earthquakes are possible at such places in South America.

PRAYER VS MEDITATION

 

Sl. No.	PRAYER	MEDITATION
1	Concerned with religion only	Concerned with religion as well as science
2	Long and lengthy with many sentences	Short with one or two sentences only
3	No repetition of sentences.	Full of repetition of short sentences.
4	Lacks concentration	Full of concentration.
5	Not so close to God by concentrated thought	Close to God through their concentrated thought.
6	Name of God or the word God is integral part of prayer.	Name of God or the word God is only optional as our connection with God is through thought only.
7	There is remote chance of reaching God due to lack of concentration.	Their thoughts reach God frequently and response comes quickly.

Please note: Prayers in the form of meditation using the name of God or by using the word God will definitely benefit religious persons as they are associated with concentration due to simplicity and repetition great belief.

What happens in the universe in one second time?

 

     We know very well that the Sun contains enormous quantity of hydrogen atoms and when they combine helium is formed duly liberating enormous energy into the space. But it is surprising to note that the quantity of helium Sun makes in a second time is 606 million metric tonnes.

     So many stars are being born and so many are becoming supernovae. To know the facts 4800 stars are born every second and about 30 stars become supernovae in a second.

     It is also a well known fact that the universe is expanding. But at which rate it is expanding is not known to all. According to astronomical facts the universe is expanding at the rate of 72 k m per megaparsec. (That means that a galaxy one megaparsec away will be moving away from us at a speed of 72 k m per second).

     Our galaxy is known as Milky Way. There is another galaxy close to us and almost double the size of our galaxy. It is moving towards our galaxy and is likely to merge with our galaxy. It is only110 k m from edge to edge. That means the merging is almost started. Yet it takes several million years to complete merging. Since there is enormous distance between stars the merging may not result in collapse and hence there is no danger. Ultimately the two galaxies put together will become a single galaxy.