MATTER, DARK MATTER
AND DARK ENERGY IN THE UNIVERSE
Matter consists of stars gas and dust in the universe that
are visible through the telescope.
Meanwhile science has developed a lot and
the latest telescopes are able to look into the depths of the Universe. With
the increase of the scientific knowledge mysteries of the universe have also
increased. Some such mysteries are black matter and black energy.
Astrophysicists found lot of discrepancies
between the mass of large astronomical bodies as calculated from observation of
stars gas and dust and as from their gravitational effect. As per their
calculations these bodies would have been thrown out of their central binding
force. But they are intact. This forced them to think that some other invisible
force might be binding them together. This led to the understanding of the existence
of dark matter in the universe.
The dark matter cannot be seen through
telescopes since it cannot emit light. It also cannot absorb light. It also
cannot emit or absorb electromagnetic radiation. Its presence is only felt by
its gravitational effects on the visible matter. The total mass-energy of the
universe contains 4.9% of visible matter, 26.8% of dark matter and 68.3% of
dark energy. Many cosmologists think that the dark matter is composed of a not
yet charecterized subatomic particle. Search for the same is going on very
effectively in the particle physics today. There is a theory that Higgs Boson
particle which is responsible for the mass in the universe might decay into
dark matter. But this has to be confirmed in future.
Dark energy is a kind of energy that
spreads uniformly throughout the universe. This dark energy is supposed to cause
the expansion of the universe. The density of dark energy is very low. Its value is 6.91x10 to the power -17
kgs/cu. m.(6.91x10^-17 kgs/cu. m.). It is much less than the ordinary matter or dark matter. However It
dominates the mass-energy of the universe as the space occupied by it is
enormous compared with matter or dark matter.
With the experiments in Large Hadron
Collider etc., astrophysicists are keen to find several secrets on the creation
of the universe within few years.