MYSTERIES AND EXTREMITIES IN THE UNIVERSE

 

     The secrets of the universe are not known. we only know about 5% of the universe only.  It is still under great investigation. At least something what we know may be kept under record.

     The known universe in 1922 is 100000 light years. But the known universe in 2024 is 93 billion light years. It is likely to increase further when our new scientific instruments can look into further universe. The unobservable universe is estimated approximately 23 trillion light years. The universe is full of galaxies and each galaxy contains billions of stars. Extreme objects in the universe are quasars, black holes, supernova, kilonova, magnetar, pulsar, neutron star etc Supernova is an explosion caused by an average star. Kilonova is an explosion caused when two neutron stars merge with each other  Hypernova is an explosion caused by a giant star, a burst 5 times more energetic than supernova. The mysterious objects in the universe are oumuamua, the red rectangle nebula, planet nine, galaxy x, east pizarro tabbys star. Most powerful events in the universe are gamma ray blasts, black holes collision, neutron star collision, supernova explosion.

     Cosmic voids are vast spaces between filaments which contain very few or no galaxies. Voids typically have a diameter of 10 to hundred mega parsecs, (one mega parsec=3x10^6 light years) particularly the large voids defined are the rich super clusters or sometimes called super voids. They have less than 1/10^th of average density of matter.

     A tea spoon of matter taken from a star would weigh around 10 million tons, which is similar to the average mountain on earth. The largest known black hole Homberg 15A has diameter of one trillion K M more than 190 times the distance between the Sun and Pluto. The coldest known natural place in the universe Boumerank Nebula at -272.15 degrees C. It is 1 degree C warmer than absolute zero and 2 degrees colder than the back-ground radiation from the big bang. There is a highway in space called interplanetary highway. It is used for space crafts around solar system with least resistance using gravity. Hell like planet named as K2 – 14lb is located around 200 light years from Earth rains rocks and fire and its oceans are made of lava.

     Strange exoplanets: H D 189773b constantly rains glass. 55cancri e – 1/3 of the planet is made of solid diamond. T V E S @. T V E S 2b is the darkest known planet of the observable universe. GLiese4366 is a giant ball of ice with a surface of flares.

     U V Scutiis is the biggest star in our entire known universe.  It is located 48 quadrilion K M away from earth near the center of our galaxy. Closest earthlike planet is 1400 light years away from earth and the closest black hole is about 3000 light years away and the closest galaxy (Andromeda) is about 2537000 light years away from earth. Every galaxy has a super massive black hole at the center. Top six strongest things in the universe are neutrinos, gravity waves, dark energy, dark matter, cosmic microwave, antimatter.

     Limits of our universe: Minimum possible temperature is 0 degree Kelvin(-273 C) Smallest possible time is 5.79x10^-44 second. Maximum possible temperature is 1.42x10^32 kelvin (one unit of Kelvin=one unit of centigrade but Kelvin is measured as 0 degrees at -273 C). Smallest possible length is 1.62x10^-32 meters. Dark energy is 69%, dark matter is 25%, regular matter is 5%, radiation is 0.01%, neutrinos are 0.1%,black holes are 0.005%.  Four ways the universe might end on are big bounce, big rip, big freeze, and big slurp.

     The earth has to be pressed into the size of 8.7 millimeters to become a black hole. Every night you and your body unknowingly travel 858240 K M around sun and 6256000 K M around the center of the Milky Way galaxy. The universe is thought to be infinite and it is still be possible that it is closed and finite. There would be any edges but it would connect back into itself as a closed universe.

     There are four types of galaxies, namely spiral galaxy, barred spiral galaxy, elliptical galaxy and irregular galaxy. Sun spins at 1997m/s, earth spins at 480 m/s, neutron star spins at 71950000 m/s, super massive black hole spins at 270000000 m/s Known places where laws of physics breakdown are below the plank length, in the center of black hole, before the big bang and above the speed of light. Light is in various forms in the universe such as radio waves, micro waves, Infrared radiation, ultraviolet rays, visible light, x rays and gamma rays. Four fundamental forces in the universe are light, force responsible for beta decay, force that holds galaxies together, and the force that holds atoms together.

     Universe is unlimited to write. There are many things such as great attractor, multi universes, several dimensions in the universe besides the 4 dimensions of length, width, height and time, parallel universe, planet X and many more mysteries like flying saucers and verities of life etc. It is very lengthy to discuss about all of them. So I will stop with this brief description given above only.